I know this situation very well. Short term letting is not easy to find. Have you considered moving to a room as lodger? It might not be optimal but would be not bad for a few months.

This is a bit off topic but have you considered applying for British citizenship? You do not have to renounce your EU citizenship under the current rules.

Publishing in high impact factor is nice but publishing in an "average" IF is better than rejection, right? I agree with TQ, for the first paper let it get it published then later seek excellence. In postdoc applications, it will raise many questions if you have no publications. At your stage just do it and when you have the luxury to choose the journal, aim for the high IF.

I would assume you are in the USA because you mentioned course work and "fall". If I were you, I would start some online courses in coursera then try to do as good as possible in the PhD work. It is too early to think about Postdoc opportunities now. Just try to do your best, concentrate and publish. Publication is one metric of how good the PhD work was. At least for someone who is not closely involved in your research, publications might be the only way to assess your work.

Hi. Congratulation for moving into next step.
1st Question. I have felt during my interviews that mastering what you know and what you wrote in CV is more important than brief knowledge of other skills. Try to be confident in talking about your skills and understand what you wrote in CV and try to make them focus on these skills. If they ask a question about another skill, you can simply say I do not know.
2nd Question. You can focus on the methodology and know precisely any shortcoming in using these methodologies. You can "criticise" your work in the presentation admitting the shortcomings because of limited time or lack of resources/data.Or you can expect their questions and criticism and prepare appropriate answers. You could admit that PhD and academic research are not perfect and to achieve better results, other things have to be taken care of (which might be the case somehow in industrial research).
The question why do you want to move to industry is more likely to be asked again in person. So state clearly your goals without exaggerating stating pros and cons for both academia and industry in a fair way.

Hi TQ. I think taking a teaching role is not a bad option if there are no research roles available. If the next potential employer thinks it is a bit weird to seek a Postdoc role, it is not the end of the world. They usually ask questions regarding career shift and this sort of stuff. They must have seen weirder so do not worry.
If I have stayed in academia, my dream job would have been 80% research and 20% teaching. Is there any information about research in these teaching jobs? or are they purely lecturing?
By the way, in my circle of academia there are several Postdocs who managed to secure a permanent research role after a few temporary Postdocs. It is not rare.

I agree with pm on focussing on what you can do. Also there is no point in discussing why supervisor chose this particular examiner. This is also past. In my MRes, the examiner was harder than the external. You do not know if she is good/bad at examination until you see.

if the OP asks if he/she can start self-funded PhD then gets funding next year, this is impossible. They would ask you to provide a proof of sufficient funds for three years and then they would "save" their money for someone else because they have you already.

I have googled the subject but long time ago. I think the salary is 2000 net not gross. If so, it should be ok even Finland is more expenses than west Europe.
In terms of salaries in Europe for PhD, I would summarise as follows:
UK: £1100- £1300 monthly net + exemption from council tax
Germany: Scholarship 1000€-1300€ net. RA: 1500€-2500€ net. All PhD students get reduced transport tickets
Netherlands and Belgium: around 1400€ net
Finland: around 2000€ net
Sweden: 2000€ - 2500€
Switzerland: 3000 CHF -4000 CHF

I had some similar situation when I had a friend who used to talk with supervisor about other colleagues including me. The only solution I see is to do what Tudor_Queen suggested. It is not about the supervisors and you cannot tell them what to do. Also you cannot tell people who like gossip not to gossip. Just distance yourself from her. Do not be her friend and if possible not her housemate. If she starts to talk with you about supervisor and/or other colleagues, say I am not interested in the subject. If you see them talking about your project/personal/whatsoever leave them immediately. I am sorry to tell you that your housemate is poisoning the environment intentionally or unintentionally. You should go away from her as fast as you can.

Do not do a self funded PhD. Just look and wait. Nevertheless there is no guarantee to find a funded PhD next year. But anyway apply and look for alternatives if you do not secure one.

Hi. I think taking the rest of this week as vacation is not a bad idea. Do what you can. I do not have statistics but if you have done the main part of the corrections, it is more likely you will pass with minor corrections. They tend not to downgrade or fail someone if there is a chance he/she produce a coherent thesis. Another round of minor correction is what you should expect and I think it is not a bad outcome.

I would like also add to the comments that having a "pragmatic" goal from the PhD is important otherwise the stress might overcome the motivation.

It should not. There are several cases like you. Just write a good cover letter. If you are not looking for a scholarship, you have a good chance. Apply in several institutions and I am sure you will get accepted.