Hi there
Depends where you want to do research. Some NGOs or government bodies have researchers, and you don't need a PhD to do these jobs, a Masters would probably be enough. Mind you, I'm not in your field, so it could be different in sport related areas. Have a look at the peak NGOS, government funded agencies and see if they have research positions - even call their HR people. I suspect that even in these positions, to get to the top you'd need a PhD.
If you want to do research at a uni, you do need a PhD. Lots of PhD students pick up jobs as research assistants as they study, this is a good way in.