Overthemoon, would you like fries and a milkshake with that? That's a very big request. Below is a very good book to get you started on your quest (I've PM'd you regarding me giving you the book). You should find what you need. I don't usually go this far to be helpful, but I'm trying to impress coolprofessor and show him I'm the best man for the job he's advertising.
"Introduction to Economic Growth"
One of the hottest fields in contemporary macroeconomics, economic growth is both fascinating to theorists and critically important to policy makers. In Introduction to Economic Growth—the only text in the field designed specifically for advanced undergraduates—Charles I. Jones explains in clear, direct language how economists have come to understand the long-run growth of economies. Beginning with empirical evidence—how rich are the rich countries, how poor are the poor, and how fast do the rich and poor countries grow? —Professor Jones then presents the major theories of economic growth, from the Nobel Prize-winning work of Robert Solow to the new growth theory that has ignited the field in recent years.