It's a little bit of a "how long is a piece of string?" question, that is to say it depends on far too many unspecified factors. If you do a US PhD it will typically take 6 years. That's a long time. In that time you may well be able to make contact with industrial partners, form links with them and get a job for afterwards. That depends on what your PhD is, where it is, who your supervisor is, who is funding the research, how much effort you put into job hunting, pure luck etc etc.
It is definitely possible to do as you plan, but from the details you've given it is impossible to rate your chances.
Maybe look at applying directly to suitable companies whilst also applying for PhDs? Maybe you don't need the PhD (and associated costs!) to get the job you're after. Maybe you do, in which case you can take on the PhD and you then have years to form good links and network with people to get a job offer in the future.
One thing which would obviously help a lot is to do a PhD funded by a company you may wish to work for in the future.