From a UK perspective, consider a PhD to not have funding attached to it, unless otherwise specified.
Broadly speaking, science PhDs have funding attached to them, and you'll often see these advertised. On the other hand, most humanities/soc. science PhDs will be not have funding attached to them, and you need to initiate the PhD application process.
It's up to you to find funding from funding bodies, university studentships etc. if there is no funding attached to the PhD. If you're an international student, funding opportunites are limited.
Funding comes in the form of grants or studentships...i.e. a non-taxable amount paid monthly - they are not considered 'salaries' as they don't constitute remuneration for employment. Some European countries do offer proper salaried posts (eg. the Netherlands and Sweden...if I remember correctly).