It sucks when supervisors claim your work. My supervisor did that to me recently at an internal talk, were she claimed my work and did not acknowledge me at all. As you aren't in academia they think they can claim your work and that nobody would notice. The funny thing there isn't much you can do about it except promote it yourself. I think this is pretty common and I have just accepted it.
With regards to data, first I would check your PhD contract. Some of contracts specifically state that your data belongs to the university. But are you trying to publish the work yourself? I think if you aren't trying to publish it is fair for him to try. Part of research is disseminating the results and if you aren't doing that why did you bother at all?
I think you should talk with him and talk about authorship. You could still be first author and let him be the corresponding author (if your field allows). That way both of you get acknowledged and he does most of the work. Maybe you could write it or copy and paste from your thesis. However I don't think you should outright block publication.