From a UK perspective, the time between submission and viva varies depending on when your internal and external can agree to conduct the examination. Rule of thumb is that no-one should generally wait more than 3 months, but of course all kinds of circumstances can lengthen this period. As for finding out if you've got the PhD, usual procedure is as follows:
You have the viva, are sent out of the room at the end, while examiners discuss it for 10-15 mins. You're called back in and they tell you the outcome there and then (I won't go into all the possible outcomes) Most people pass subject to minor corrections, they are given a certain amount time to do them. You can say you've got your PhD, but it won't be officially in writing until you do the amendments in the given time.
Some people pass with no corrections at all, v rare but not impossible! The Phd in those cases is awarded straight away