I agree with you AnonGerman regarding women and Academia, however, it strongly depends from the subject. As far as I know, in social sciences where you do not work in lab together with others, you can have more flexible working hours. But of course, in sciences labs it can be that leaving at 5 is considered as part time job:)
and different universities, even departments, have different attitudes towards working flexibly.
Publications, yea, that is a real, real problem...